Research Report  ·  Marcaps + MMA

Understanding
the M.O.M.
Effect

What are Marketing Operating Models, why they matter, and how to build one that works.

843
Firms surveyed
April 2026
Date issued
DNA double helix
Overview of findings
The problem
Firms operating under high friction or low fluency carry significantly higher operating costs than those that don’t. Nearly half of all organizations are in this position.
+35%
higher operating costs
suboptimal vs best quadrant
The model
Six in ten firms have no formal or only a loosely defined marketing operating model. Among firms with no model at all, NPS falls to −29.4.
−11.8
average NPS
no or low formal MOM · 59.6% of firms
MOM effect
Firms with a formal Marketing Operating Model are far more likely to be a Winning Marketing Organization. Only one in three firms has one.
3×
more likely to be a WMO
formal vs informal MOM
AI adoption
MOM is a key enabler of AI adoption producing competitive returns. Without one, higher AI adoption is not translating to better outcomes.
4×
WMO uplift from AI readiness
strong MOM firms only
Built for you
A marketing operating model built for your specific business context is far more likely to produce a Winning Marketing Organization than one that doesn’t fit.
5.8×
WMO rate
high fit vs low fit firms
Scroll down to learn more about the Marcaps & MMA research ↓
Chapter 1The Forces

The Org Forces Shaping Marketing Performance

Two organizational forces, Friction and Fluency, significantly shape how marketing teams operate and what they deliver. Friction refers to structural and coordination barriers that slow, distort, or block marketing work regardless of who occupies the roles. In contrast, Fluency describes the individual employee experience that enables them to do effective marketing work. This chapter describes each construct, reports their prevalence across the sample, and quantifies their independent effects on people and business outcomes.

What are Friction and Fluency?
Organizational Friction

The organizational conditions that get in the way of effective marketing, regardless of who holds the roles. Friction is found in the interaction between teams and people.

Resource Rigidity The inability to shift budgets or redeploy people when market conditions change.
Organizational Silos When teams work in isolation, get left out of decisions, or cannot collaborate effectively across functions.
Decision Ambiguity Unclear decision rights, frequent changes of direction, and leadership that is not aligned on priorities or strategy.
Lack of Empowerment Too many layers of approval, interference from outside the team, and micromanagement that stops people from acting on their own judgment.
Employee Fluency

The personal conditions that allow individuals to do their best work. Fluency is about the individual experience of work, not about how the organization interacts.

Mastery A personal commitment to developing skills and improving continuously in the work that matters most.
Purpose A personal sense of meaning in the work, with a clear understanding of how it connects to something larger.
Focus Personal clarity on what matters most and which tasks deserve the most energy and attention.
Psychological Safety The freedom to speak up, take risks, and try new approaches without fear of negative consequences.
Prevalence by firm size and age
Figure 1.1
Elevated Friction and Strong Fluency by Firm Size
Firm Size n Elevated Friction Strong Fluency
Small (<500 employees)27038.1%54.4%
Medium (500–2,000)17047.6%53.5%
Large (>2,000 employees)35257.7%45.2%
Percentage above sample mean: Friction mean=2.69, Fluency mean=3.75. Firm size based on number of employees.
Figure 1.2
Elevated Friction and Strong Fluency by Firm Age
Firm Age n Elevated Friction Strong Fluency
Young (2005+)21952.1%49.8%
Mid (1990–2004)13756.2%52.6%
Legacy (pre-1990)14154.6%41.1%
Percentage above sample mean. Excludes 346 respondents who answered “Don't know” on founding year (known age n=497). Legacy firms (pre-1990) show the lowest Strong Fluency rate at 41.1%.
Effect of Friction and Fluency on Outcomes

Predicted outcome values as Friction and Fluency move across their full 1–5 range. Each line estimated from a separate model with controls held at sample means. n=843.

Friction
Fluency
People Outcomes
NPS promoter probability
Q12: Likelihood to recommend working in marketing here (scored 9-10)
Employee Burnout
Decline in employee engagement or increase in burnout.
Talent Recruitment and Retention Challenge
Q14_6: Difficulty recruiting and retaining marketing talent (1-5 scale)
Business Outcomes
WMO Likelihood
Winning Marketing Organization probability.
Operating costs
Q14_1-3,5,7: Speed, innovation, creativity and execution cost consequences (mean 1-5)
Revenue performance
Q35: Approximate revenue performance past year (1-7 scale)

Note on WMO classification: A Winning Marketing Organization (WMO) is defined as a respondent scoring at or above the 75th percentile on all four marketing satisfaction dimensions (Commercial, Brand & Market, Operational, and Intelligence & Technology) within the high-quality sample. Low performers (LMO) score at or below the 25th percentile on three or more of the four dimensions. All quartile cutoffs are calculated within the HQ sample (n=843). WMO=19.8%, EMO=59.3%, LMO=20.9%.

Each line shows the marginal effect of the predictor alone (bivariate + controls). Linear models for all predictors. x-axis = predictor score (1–5). Controls: firm size and age at sample means. HQ sample, n=843 (n=818 for burnout and talent items).

The combined effect — quadrant analysis
Figure 1.3 — Friction × Fluency Quadrant Outcomes (n=843)
← Low Fluency FLUENCY High Fluency →
FRICTION
High Friction / Low Fluency
● 37.8% of firms
NPS −14.1
WMO Rate: 8.8%
Op. Costs: 1.15x avg
High Friction / High Fluency
● 11.5% of firms
NPS +43.3
WMO Rate: 35.1%
Op. Costs: 1.20x avg
Low Friction / Low Fluency
● 15.1% of firms
NPS −10.2
WMO Rate: 12.6%
Op. Costs: 0.93x avg
Low Friction / High Fluency
● 35.6% of firms
NPS +36.7
WMO Rate: 29.7%
Op. Costs: 0.81x avg
↑ High Friction Low Friction ↓
Quadrants defined by sample medians: Friction=2.69, Fluency=3.83. WMO = % in top performance quartile. OC Index relative to population mean. n=843 HQ respondents.
Key finding: The Low Friction / High Fluency quadrant delivers a true NPS of +36.7 and a 29.7% WMO rate, with operating costs 19% below the population average. The High Friction / Low Fluency quadrant, where 37.8% of firms sit, reports a true NPS of −14.1 and an 8.8% WMO rate, with costs 15% above average. Friction and Fluency are distinct forces that each require active management.
Why this matters for marketing leaders

The data reveal a clear pattern. More than half of large firms operate above the sample mean on Friction, and organizations founded before 1990 show the weakest Fluency levels in the sample. Among all firms, 37.7% fall into the High Friction / Low Fluency quadrant, the combination most associated with weaker people and business outcomes.

Friction and Fluency operate through distinct pathways. Friction is primarily a cost driver. Higher Friction is associated with greater operational costs and talent difficulties. Fluency is primarily a performance driver. Higher Fluency is associated with stronger NPS scores and better business outcomes. The data show that both forces need to be addressed. Reducing Friction without building Fluency lowers costs but does not improve people outcomes. Building Fluency without reducing Friction improves performance but does not address the structural cost burden.

The following chapters examine how the Marketing Operating Model shapes both Friction and Fluency levels, and what organizations with strong MOMs do differently.

Chapter 2The Solution

Marketing Operating Models (M.O.M.)

If a company is able to turn inputs into outputs, it has a way of working, but it may not have a formal operating model. A marketing operating model is the structured and unique way by which your company manages marketing investments to achieve its desired outcomes.

The three dimensions of a marketing operating model
Dimension 1
Strategic Mandate (Why)

Defines the purpose and direction of the marketing function. This dimension includes a shared understanding of the unique role the marketing function plays for the firm.

Dimension 2
Organizational Priorities (What)

Describes the priorities that guide marketing work, including priority capabilities, priority competencies, and priority metrics.

Dimension 3
Management Infrastructure (How)

Defines how marketing work is organized and conducted. Covers the structures, processes, tools, and methods that govern how marketing work is done.

Figure 2.1
MOM Presence distribution
MOM Presence index (8 items across 3 dimensions). Mean=3.554, SD=0.802. Formal MOM defined as index score ≥4.0 (33.5% of HQ sample, n=843). Each dimension scored as the mean of its items; three dimension means averaged with equal weight. Scale 1 (not at all) to 5 (completely).
Figure 2.2
What MOM Presence looks like at each level

The MOM Presence Index measures how formally and consistently an organization has defined its marketing operating model. It is the mean of 8 survey items across three dimensions, each rated 1–5.

Strategic
Mandate
•“There is a clear and shared understanding of why marketing exists and how it creates value for the company.”
Organizational
Priorities
•“Marketing has made explicit choices about which capabilities we must excel at, which we must remain competent at, and which we do not prioritize.” •“We have clearly established a shared set of metrics to define the performance of marketing investments.” •“There is a clear description of the skills and competencies needed to perform different marketing tasks at the right level.”
Management
Infrastructure
•“Marketing leaders have made well-informed and strategic choices about what work to do internally versus outsource and how to structure our organization.” •“Marketing activities are managed through well-defined roles, processes, and decision rights.” •“We have a common set of frameworks, methods, and tools that provide shared understanding for how marketing work gets done.” •“We have explicit principles and guidelines that define how marketing teams work together internally and collaborate with other functions.”
14.2%
No Formal MOM
Score ≤2.0
No defined model. Ad hoc decisions, informal coordination, no shared purpose or documented processes.
All dimensions: Absent or undefined
10.0%
Low MOM
Score 2.0–3.0
Some elements present but underdeveloped, inconsistently applied, or not widely shared across the team.
Strategic Mandate: Partial  ·  Priorities: Informal  ·  Infrastructure: Basic
42.0%
Moderate MOM
Score 3.0–4.0
Model in place across all dimensions. Purpose understood, priorities guide decisions, processes established. Not yet fully embedded.
Strategic Mandate: Clear  ·  Priorities: Defined  ·  Infrastructure: Established
32.5%
High MOM
Score >4.0
Formally documented and embedded across all dimensions. Explicit shared purpose, priorities govern all decisions, processes consistently applied.
Mandate: Q16_1  ·  Priorities: Q16_2,3,7  ·  Infrastructure: Q16_4–8
Maturity thresholds: No formal MOM ≤2.0  ·  Low >2.0–≤3.0  ·  Moderate >3.0–≤4.0  ·  High >4.0. HQ sample n=843. Mean=3.554, SD=0.802.
Chapter 3Why MOM Matters

MOM Presence and Marketing Outcomes

This chapter presents the causal pathway through which MOM Presence shapes marketing outcomes, and the practical difference between organizations in the bottom versus top quartile of MOM Presence.

How MOM works — path model
Figure 3.1 — Path diagram
MOM Presence → Friction and Fluency → Outcomes (partial mediation)
Mediation model. Controls: firm size, firm age. HQ sample n=843. *** p<.001. MOM PRESENCE INDEX 1–5 scale (8 items) FRICTION Overall index FLUENCY Overall index OUTCOMES NPS | WMO Operating Cost | Rev a1: MOM → Friction b = −0.297*** a2: MOM → Fluency b = +0.483*** b1: Friction → Operating Cost b = +0.554*** b2: Fluency → NPS b = +1.039*** c': NPS +1.044*** | WMO +1.476*** | Operating Cost +0.162*** | Rev +0.483***
Path model estimated using OLS (continuous DVs) and logistic regression (binary DVs) with controls for firm size and age. HQ sample, n=843.

Indirect paths (mediation): MOM → Friction (a1=−0.297***); MOM → Fluency (a2=+0.483***); Friction → Operating Cost (b1=+0.554***); Fluency → NPS (b2=+1.039***). Friction non-significant for NPS/WMO; Fluency non-significant for WMO/Operating Cost.

Direct effects of MOM Presence (c′): NPS promoter b=+1.044 (p<.001); WMO classification b=+1.476 (p<.001); Operating Cost Overall b=+0.162 (p<.001); Revenue b=+0.483 (p<.001); Growth vs Peers b=+0.395 (p<.001). MOM Presence has significant direct effects on all business and people outcomes independent of the Friction and Fluency pathways.
Key Findings

This is a partial mediation. That means Friction and Fluency explain some — but not all — of MOM’s effect on outcomes. Even after accounting for the reduction in Friction and the increase in Fluency that a stronger MOM produces, MOM Presence continues to predict better outcomes on its own. In other words, operating model strength matters independently of its contribution to reducing friction or increasing fluency.

These direct effects are significant across every outcome tested — WMO classification (+1.476***), revenue growth (+0.483***), and operating costs (+0.162***) — suggesting that a well-developed operating model creates value through additional mechanisms beyond the structural and psychological conditions it enables.

Effect of MOM Presence on People Outcomes

Figures 3.2–3.9 show how MOM Presence predicts each outcome across its 1–5 scale. Each curve is estimated from a separate regression model with firm size and age held at sample means (HQ sample, n=843). A rising curve means stronger MOM is associated with better performance on that outcome.

Figure 3.2
High NPS Probability
b=+1.443*** · Logistic · McF R²=0.179 · Bottom quartile: 11.8% → Top: 64.8%
Figure 3.3
Friction
b=-0.297*** · OLS · R²=0.123 · Bottom quartile: 2.93 → Top: 2.36
Figure 3.4
Fluency
b=+0.483*** · OLS · R²=0.41 · Bottom quartile: 3.27 → Top: 4.23
Figure 3.5
Talent Cost
b=-0.167*** · OLS · R²=0.052 · Bottom quartile: 2.56 → Top: 2.34
Effect of MOM Presence on Business Outcomes
Figure 3.6
WMO Probability
b=+1.795*** · Logistic · McF R²=0.218 · Bottom quartile: 3.8% → Top: 48.8%
Figure 3.7
Operating Cost Index
b=-0.068ns · OLS · R²=0.079 · Bottom quartile: 2.38 → Top: 2.39
Figure 3.8
Revenue Growth
b=+0.527*** · OLS · R²=0.148 · Bottom quartile: 4.53 → Top: 5.61
Figure 3.9
Growth vs Competitors
b=+0.418*** · OLS · R²=0.165 · Bottom quartile: 2.9 → Top: 3.83
Key finding: MOM Presence is significantly associated with stronger outcomes across all people and business measures. The probability of being a Winning Marketing Organization rises from 3.8% in the bottom MOM quartile to 48.8% in the top quartile. NPS promoter rates rise from 11.8% to 64.8%.
Chapter 3bEnabling Condition

MOM as an Enabler of AI Adoption

AI adoption is widespread in the sample. What varies significantly is what organizations get from it. This section examines whether having a stronger Marketing Operating Model changes the returns on AI investment, and finds that it does, particularly for business performance outcomes.

AI Adoption and Readiness Across the Sample
Figure 3b.1
AI Adoption — degree of AI agent use across marketing activities (Q17)
Q17: Degree of AI agent adoption (1-6 scale). High adoption (51-100% of activities, scores 5-6): 22.2% of sample. n=843.
Figure 3b.2
AI Readiness — number of AI infrastructure capabilities in place (Q18)
Q18: Sum of 7 AI readiness behaviors. High readiness (scores 4-7): 12.9% of sample. Mean=1.91/7. n=843.
Figure 3b.3
AI Readiness practices — ranked by incidence in full sample (Q18 items)
% of HQ respondents reporting each AI readiness practice in place. n=843.
Key Insights — AI Adoption and Readiness (Figures 3b.1–3b.3):
Does MOM Amplify AI Returns? Three Moderation Analyses

Each analysis tests whether an organizational condition changes the relationship between AI Readiness and marketing outcomes. The interaction term captures whether the condition strengthens or weakens AI returns. Highlighted rows indicate significant interactions (p<.05).

AI x MOM Presence
Does MOM Presence change what organizations get from AI Readiness?
Outcome AI b MOM Presence MOM Pres×AI Fit
Business Outcomes
WMO rate+0.059+1.708***+0.437**McF R²=0.254
Operating Cost+0.028-0.079-0.011R²=0.080
Revenue+0.112***+0.483***-0.026R²=0.158
Growth vs Peers+0.059*+0.395***-0.007R²=0.170
People Outcomes
NPS Promoter+0.072+1.420***-0.036McF R²=0.180
Friction+0.002-0.299***-0.015R²=0.124
Fluency+0.031*+0.471***-0.007R²=0.414
Talent Cost+0.008-0.171***-0.006R²=0.052
n=837-843. Controls: firm size and age. ***p<.001 **p<.01 *p<.05. Highlighted rows = significant interaction.
WMO by MOM Presence Level
High MOM: WMO rises from 16% to 64% as AI Readiness increases. Low MOM: near-flat or declining. Interaction b=+0.437, p<.01.
Key Insight — MOM Presence × AI Readiness

Of the conditions tested, MOM Presence is the only one that significantly moderates the AI Readiness → WMO relationship (interaction b=+0.437, p<.01). The practical range is large: among high-MOM organizations, WMO probability rises from 16% to 64% as AI Readiness increases — a 48-percentage-point span. Among low-MOM organizations, the same increase in AI Readiness produces no meaningful WMO improvement; the line runs near-flat or slightly declines. Neither Friction, Fluency, Fit, nor Embeddedness produced a significant interaction with AI Readiness on WMO. The implication is structural: AI investment requires operating model infrastructure to convert into competitive performance. Adoption without that infrastructure is not neutral — it appears to be associated with marginally worse outcomes at the business level.

The Three-Lever Framework: AI Adoption × AI Stewardship × Operational Clarity

The analysis above shows that MOM Presence moderates what organizations get from AI investment. But in practice, three distinct levers interact: AI Adoption (how broadly AI agents are used), AI Stewardship (the discipline of governing AI — strategy, data governance, human vs. AI decision authority, and performance measurement), and Operational Clarity (the organizational foundation in which AI operates).

The interactive below shows how each combination affects the percentage of Winning Marketing Organizations and Employee NPS across 843 firms. Select one, two, or all three levers to see the impact. The headline finding: organizations with all three levers in place achieve 84% WMO and +61 NPS, compared to 28% WMO and −36 NPS with none.

It Takes All Three
Select levers to see how each combination affects the percentage of winning marketing organizations and Employee NPS.
AI Adoption
% of marketing activities using AI agents. High = 26%+ (above median).
AI Stewardship
Governing AI well: strategy, data & governance, human vs AI authority, measurement. High = 2+ of 4.
Operational Clarity
Organizational foundation: WHY (purpose), WHAT (capabilities, metrics), HOW (roles, frameworks). High = above median.
% WMO = Winning Marketing Organizations. Employee NPS = % promoters (9–10) minus % detractors (0–6). n=843.
AI Performance Diagnostic

How well is your organization positioned to turn AI adoption into performance? The diagnostic below assesses three dimensions — your current level of AI adoption, the stewardship practices you have in place, and the operational clarity of your marketing function. It takes approximately 5 minutes and provides a personalized score with benchmarks from the study’s 843 firms.

Your answers are processed entirely in your browser — nothing is stored or transmitted.

Chapter 4Archetypes

MOM Archetypes

Companies have different approaches for defining their way of marketing. Our analysis of how 843 firms went about this process helped us identify four MOM archetypes based on their development method. The central finding is that there are some ways of building a MOM that are better than others. In particular, the Hybrid and Orchestrated archetypes achieve comparable people outcomes despite different approaches to formalization. This suggests that how deeply an organization embeds its MOM matters as much as how formally it documents it — though the data shows formalization is still required for full competitive performance.

The Four MOM Archetypes

Organizations cluster into four distinct operating model profiles based on how intentionally their model was designed, how formally it is documented, and how deeply it is embedded in day-to-day decisions. Outcome comparisons are shown in Figure 4.1 below.

Archetype 1  ·  38.0%  ·  n=320
Informal
Marketing runs on habit and individual experience

No formal MOM is present. Marketing decisions are made through individual judgment, relationships, and accumulated habit. These organizations are the highest priority for MOM investment — the performance gap between Informal and Organic is the largest single step on the archetype ladder.

The operating model is not shared across the team, not referenced in decisions, and not visible to partners. Without a shared model, leadership change is likely to create immediate capability risk. Skews toward smaller and legacy organizations; informal MOMs persist through inertia rather than design.

Voices from the data

“We are still figuring that part out.”

“Almost nonexistent. They are working on one but employee motivation to complete the task is lacking.”

“Lack of strategy. Reactive. Without vision. On demand of regular tasks.”

Archetype 2  ·  21.6%  ·  n=182
Organic
A model that evolved from practice, not design

Working patterns have accumulated through years of practice rather than deliberate construction. The model is partially documented and moderately company-specific but lacks intentional governance. Friction and Fluency sit mid-range — neither the disorganization of Informal nor the enablement of Hybrid.

Most organizationally diverse archetype, spanning all firm sizes and ages. Functional marketing, but lacking the architecture to survive leadership change. Organic evolution rarely produces the deliberate design needed to progress without intentional intervention.

Voices from the data

“In short, our marketing operating model: Strategy plans, Creative builds, Media launches, Data optimizes.”

“It exists roughly, and there are some levels of documentation, but it’s not extremely organized or consolidated.”

“We have a basic marketing operating model that provides a general framework for the work, but it still needs further development and standardization.”

Archetype 3  ·  25.6%  ·  n=216
Hybrid
Deeply embedded, less formally documented

High embeddedness alongside lower formalization than Orchestrated. The MOM is widely shared, referenced in decisions, included in onboarding, and known by partners. Deep embedding compensates for incomplete documentation — Hybrid matches Orchestrated on people outcomes at lower operating cost.

The WMO rate and NPS trail Orchestrated materially, indicating a performance ceiling that formalization would unlock. Embeddedness infrastructure is already in place — the gap to Orchestrated is governance, not culture or capability.

Voices from the data

“We set goals to manage and analyze our work in order to drive sales and improve — it helps us work together as teams.”

“A balance: we do a hypothesis, look for that outcome. Based on results we will make change, within the budget.”

“Structured but evolving — clearly defined strategy, digital-first execution, data-driven decision making, with ongoing optimization across teams.”

Archetype 4  ·  14.8%  ·  n=125
Orchestrated
Intentionally designed, formally documented, deeply embedded

The full investment in defining how marketing operates. The model is intentionally designed, highly company-specific, formally documented, and deeply embedded across decisions, onboarding, and partner relationships. Scores highest on all operating model character dimensions and on competitive business outcomes.

The combination of embedding and formalization is what produces the strongest competitive outcomes. Skews toward larger firms with the infrastructure to maintain a deliberate MOM; the qualitative data suggests that reaching this level in established organizations typically requires sustained executive commitment.

Voices from the data

“Our Marketing Operating Model defines how marketing plans, executes, and measures work. It clarifies roles and process so we can stay aligned and accountable.”

“The model at my firm is a top-down approach. Each department and person has a documented approach for their responsibilities.”

“Our marketing operating model is built around strategy first, execution second, and performance always.”

Figure 4.1
Archetype outcome comparison — indexed to sample mean
Sample
Mean
Informal
38.0%
Organic
21.6%
Hybrid
25.6%
Orchestrated
14.8%
Business Outcomes
WMO rate19.8%
5.0%
-14.8pp
21.4%
+1.6pp
26.4%
+6.6pp
44.0%
+24.2pp
Revenue 5%+ growth
% with 5%+ growth (Q35 score 6-7; top 2 box)
45.4%
17.0%
-28.4pp
27.1%
-18.3pp
32.1%
-13.3pp
33.2%
-12.2pp
Operating Cost Index
lower = better
1.00x
0.97x
-3%
1.05x
+5%
0.98x
-2%
1.05x
+5%
Growth above peers
% scoring above peers on Q34
52.0%
35.0%
-17.0pp
47.0%
-5.0pp
57.0%
+5.0pp
68.0%
+16.0pp
People Outcomes
NPS score
% promoters minus % detractors (Q12)
+11.2
-29.4
-40.6pts
+19.2
+8.0pts
+41.2
+30.0pts
+51.2
+40.0pts
High friction %
% above sample mean; lower = better
49.3%
61.9%
+12.6pp
48.9%
-0.4pp
36.1%
-13.2pp
40.8%
-8.5pp
High fluency %50.2%
26.9%
-23.3pp
46.2%
-4.0pp
74.1%
+23.9pp
74.4%
+24.2pp
Talent difficulty2.5
3.1
+0.6
2.6
+0.1
2.1
-0.4
2.3
-0.2
Key Insights

Hybrid achieves Orchestrated-level people outcomes at lower operating cost — yet falls short on competitive performance (WMO 26.4% vs 44.0%). Formalization converts embeddedness into full competitive advantage.

Informal shows the highest talent difficulty and lowest fluency — the absence of a shared model creates structural people risk independent of individual capability.

The step from Hybrid to Orchestrated is the highest-leverage intervention: embeddedness is already in place; governance converts people-outcome strength into full competitive performance.

Colors rank within each row independently.
Darkest blue = best performer on that DV.
Lightest = lowest performer on that DV.
Sub-values = difference from sample mean.
* Talent difficulty: Q14_6 (1=easy, 5=very hard); lower is better.
Chapter 5Blueprint

Building a MOM That Works

Chapter 4 established that deliberate design, deep embeddedness, and formal documentation each independently shape outcomes — and that some combinations work significantly better than others. This chapter builds on that evidence to identify the specific design decisions, organizational conditions, and adoption barriers that most consistently predict stronger marketing performance.

What Works — and What Doesn’t

Five dimensions of MOM design consistently predict better outcomes across NPS, WMO, and revenue growth. The table below summarizes what the data supports across Origin, Customization, Documentation, Governance, and Evolution.

Table 5.1
Dimension What Works What Doesn’t
Origin Build the MOM deliberately from the inside. Organizations with an intentionally designed model report consistently better outcomes across WMO, NPS, and revenue growth — independent of firm size or age. Let the model evolve without direction, or adopt an external framework wholesale. Organic evolution produces a model that reflects past habits rather than strategic intent. Imported frameworks without deep adaptation produce weaker fit and lower embeddedness scores.
Customization Make it deeply specific to your organization. The strongest predictor of outcomes among the 26 items is uniqueness (b=+0.16*** NPS, b=+0.17** WMO). Ownership and company-specificity appear to outperform structural completeness. Hybrid firms score at the ceiling on uniqueness and produce strong people outcomes. Use a standard framework without meaningful adaptation. Borrowed structures produce weaker fit scores and lower embeddedness. The Organic majority sits below the midpoint on company-specificity — and their outcomes reflect it.
Documentation Formalize after fitting. Written documentation reduces talent difficulty and supports scale. Formal documentation (Q26_4) predicts stronger NPS (b=+0.10*). But only document once the model reflects how the organization actually works — codify what works, then make it referenceable. Formalize a poorly-fitted model. An undocumented MOM is fragile to turnover, but a formally documented but misaligned one embeds the wrong design at scale. Documentation amplifies the model's impact — positive or negative.
Governance Lead it from the top with a single shared model across functions. Top-down promotion (Q26_5) predicts stronger NPS (b=+0.12**). A shared model (Q26_6) predicts better NPS and reduced silos (b=+0.12**). Leadership reference in decisions is the embeddedness item most strongly linked to competitive performance. Allow governance to remain ambiguous or let each function develop its own version. Siloed models inflate coordination costs and generate conflicting organizational signals. Bottom-up MOM adoption is positively associated with individual engagement but does not produce the competitive performance benefits.
Evolution Recalibrate for fit on a regular cycle. Fit (Q28) is among the strongest predictors of MOM effectiveness, significantly predicting WMO (b=+1.086***), NPS (b=+0.883***), Fluency (b=+0.230***), and Revenue (b=+0.216***). As strategy, talent, and context evolve, the model must evolve with them. Treat the MOM as a completed project. A model built for a different scale or context erodes in relevance over time — even if it was well-designed originally. Fit is the mechanism through which embeddedness translates into performance.
Table 5.1. Evidence base: Q26 polar scale items (n=723 with Q26 data). Results from logistic regression on NPS top-2-box and WMO. Controls: firm size and age. *** p<.001 ** p<.01 * p<.05.
Key MOM Design Variables

Four structural properties of the MOM — Embeddedness, Fit, Systems Fragmentation, and Learning Discipline — each independently shape how strongly MOM Presence translates into business and people outcomes. The tables below report interaction models: each tests whether the design variable strengthens or weakens the MOM–outcome relationship.

5.1 — Embeddedness

Embeddedness measures how deeply the MOM is integrated into decisions, leadership behavior, onboarding, and external partner relationships. It has a strong independent effect on all outcomes and significantly amplifies MOM’s impact on NPS (interaction b=+1.406*).

Embeddedness

Embeddedness index (1–5 scale). Higher = more deeply embedded. Mean of 5 items:

  • The MOM is actively referenced in marketing decisions
  • Senior leaders visibly promote and model the MOM
  • The MOM is included in onboarding for new marketing staff
  • External partners and agencies are briefed on the MOM
  • The MOM is regularly reviewed and updated
Outcome MOM Presence
b   p
Embed Residual
b   p
MOM × Embed Resid
b   p
Fit
WMO
Logit
+2.136***
0.000
+1.062**
0.002
+0.008
0.983
McF R²=0.261
NPS Score
OLS
+1.086***
0.000
+0.600***
0.000
-0.037
0.815
R²=0.273
Friction
OLS
-0.281***
0.000
+0.050
0.444
+0.134
0.123
R²=0.068
Fluency
OLS
+0.478***
0.000
+0.143***
0.000
-0.021
0.656
R²=0.393
Operating Cost
OLS
+0.016
0.804
+0.262**
0.001
+0.286**
0.004
R²=0.084
Revenue
OLS
+0.437***
0.000
+0.299***
0.000
-0.047
0.646
R²=0.157
Talent Cost
OLS
-0.075
0.324
+0.231*
0.013
+0.203†
0.095
R²=0.039

All predictors mean-centered. Design variable = residual after partialling MOM Presence Index (orthogonal to MOM by construction). Controls: firm size, firm age. n≈453–497. WMO = logistic (log-odds); all others OLS with HC3 robust SE. † p<.10  * p<.05  ** p<.01  *** p<.001. Fit shares 38.7% variance with MOM Index (r=0.62); residual isolates the component of perceived fit beyond MOM formalization. No significant interactions.

Key insight: Embeddedness has strong independent main effects on WMO (**), NPS (***), Fluency (***), and Revenue (***). Using residuals to isolate the component of Embeddedness beyond MOM formalization restores MOM’s expected effects on Friction and Fluency (both ***). One significant interaction emerges: MOM × Embeddedness is significant for Operating Cost (b=+0.286**), meaning organizations with both strong MOM and deep embeddedness face higher operating cost exposure — likely reflecting the real investment required to embed a model deeply.

5.2 — Fit

Fit measures how well the MOM reflects the specific needs, structure, and context of the organization. It predicts all six outcomes independently and is among the strongest consistent predictors across the full model.

Fit

Fit (1–7 scale). Higher = stronger fit between the MOM and current organizational needs. Single item:

  • How well does your current marketing operating model fit the needs of your organization today?
Outcome MOM Presence
b   p
Fit Residual
b   p
MOM × Fit Resid
b   p
Fit
WMO
Logit
+2.377***
0.000
+0.894***
0.000
-0.098
0.709
McF R²=0.263
NPS Score
OLS
+1.164***
0.000
+0.464***
0.000
-0.107
0.258
R²=0.292
Friction
OLS
-0.284***
0.000
-0.039
0.348
+0.042
0.415
R²=0.063
Fluency
OLS
+0.493***
0.000
+0.104***
0.000
+0.042
0.139
R²=0.401
Operating Cost
OLS
+0.024
0.713
+0.001
0.978
+0.091
0.141
R²=0.028
Revenue
OLS
+0.466***
0.000
+0.172**
0.001
+0.071
0.249
R²=0.153
Talent Cost
OLS
-0.064
0.404
+0.060
0.311
+0.117
0.113
R²=0.019

All predictors mean-centered. Design variable = residual after partialling MOM Presence Index (orthogonal to MOM by construction). Controls: firm size, firm age. n≈453–497. WMO = logistic (log-odds); all others OLS with HC3 robust SE. † p<.10  * p<.05  ** p<.01  *** p<.001. Fit shares 38.7% variance with MOM Index (r=0.62); residual isolates the component of perceived fit beyond MOM formalization. No significant interactions.

Key insight: Fit has consistent independent main effects on WMO (***), NPS (***), Fluency (***), and Revenue (***). Using residuals restores MOM’s full effects on Friction (***) and Fluency (***), which were suppressed in the original joint model. No significant interactions emerge — Fit contributes additively: organizations with a MOM that fits their context perform better regardless of MOM formalization level, but Fit does not change how strongly MOM translates into outcomes.

5.3 — Systems Fragmentation

Systems Fragmentation measures how disconnected data, technology, and information systems are across the organization. Unlike Fit and Embeddedness, Fragmentation changes the strength of MOM’s relationship with specific outcomes rather than just shifting the starting point.

Systems Fragmentation

Fragmentation index (1–5 scale). Higher = more disconnected and siloed systems. Mean of 4 items:

  • Marketing technology systems are not well integrated with each other
  • Teams across marketing use inconsistent measures and metrics
  • Customer data is held in multiple systems that are not integrated
  • There is no common dashboard or shared measurement language across marketing
Outcome MOM Presence
b   p
SF Residual
b   p
MOM × SF Resid
b   p
Fit
WMO
Logit
+2.102***
0.000
-0.153
0.463
+0.142
0.578
McF R²=0.245
NPS Score
OLS
+1.343***
0.000
-0.113
0.220
+0.153
0.186
R²=0.283
Friction
OLS
-0.260***
0.000
+0.719***
0.000
+0.091***
0.000
R²=0.813
Fluency
OLS
+0.472***
0.000
-0.187***
0.000
+0.046
0.106
R²=0.485
Operating Cost
OLS
+0.054
0.276
+0.480***
0.000
+0.132*
0.014
R²=0.303
Revenue
OLS
+0.472***
0.000
-0.118*
0.029
+0.152*
0.024
R²=0.178
Talent Cost
OLS
-0.097
0.125
+0.532***
0.000
+0.085
0.211
R²=0.227

All predictors mean-centered. Design variable = residual after partialling MOM Presence Index (orthogonal to MOM by construction). Controls: firm size, firm age. n≈453–497. WMO = logistic (log-odds); all others OLS with HC3 robust SE. † p<.10  * p<.05  ** p<.01  *** p<.001. Fit shares 38.7% variance with MOM Index (r=0.62); residual isolates the component of perceived fit beyond MOM formalization. No significant interactions.

Key insight: Systems Fragmentation is the dominant structural driver of organizational Friction (R²=0.813, b=+0.719***) — more so than MOM formalization itself. Three significant interactions emerge: MOM’s ability to reduce Friction (b=+0.091***), lower Operating Cost (b=+0.132*), and drive Revenue (b=+0.152*) is weakened in highly fragmented environments. Organizations that invest in their operating model without addressing systems fragmentation will see diminished returns. Fragmentation requires direct structural intervention in technology integration and data infrastructure — MOM strength alone cannot overcome it.

5.4 — Learning Discipline

Learning Discipline captures whether the organization has systematic mechanisms for adapting and improving marketing work. The analysis uses residuals of Learning Discipline after partialling out MOM Presence Index, isolating the independent contribution of LD beyond what MOM already explains.

Learning Discipline

Learning Discipline index (1–5 scale), reported as residuals after removing overlap with MOM Presence. Higher = stronger systematic adaptation mechanisms. Mean of 4 items:

  • We have mechanisms and processes that enable continuous adaptation, learning, and improvement
  • Marketing regularly adapts and adjusts its capabilities in response to changes in the market environment
  • We have a clear roadmap that shows how we plan to build and improve our marketing capabilities and processes over time
  • Marketing regularly reviews and updates how we work based on what we learn from our experience and results
Outcome MOM Presence
b   p
LD Residual
b   p
MOM × LD Residual
b   p
Fit
WMO
Logit
+2.158***
0.000
+0.690*
0.045
+0.939†
0.069
McF R²=0.279
NPS Score
OLS
+1.392***
0.000
+0.808***
0.000
−0.034
0.862
R²=0.323
Friction
OLS
−0.314***
0.000
−0.176*
0.010
+0.030
0.746
R²=0.095
Fluency
OLS
+0.501***
0.000
+0.206***
0.000
+0.021
0.692
R²=0.442
Operating Cost
OLS
+0.032
0.576
−0.109
0.189
−0.002
0.983
R²=0.030
Revenue
OLS
+0.514***
0.000
+0.233**
0.008
+0.089
0.456
R²=0.179
Talent Cost
OLS
−0.131
0.060
−0.071
0.472
+0.059
0.666
R²=0.015

All predictors mean-centered. Design variable = residual after partialling MOM Presence Index (orthogonal to MOM by construction). Controls: firm size, firm age. n≈453–497. WMO = logistic (log-odds); all others OLS with HC3 robust SE. † p<.10  * p<.05  ** p<.01  *** p<.001. Fit shares 38.7% variance with MOM Index (r=0.62); residual isolates the component of perceived fit beyond MOM formalization. No significant interactions.

Key insight: Learning Discipline, measured here as the component independent of MOM Presence, has significant main effects on WMO (*), NPS (***), Friction (*), Fluency (***), and Revenue (**). Organizations with stronger learning mechanisms achieve better outcomes above and beyond what their MOM formalization alone predicts. The interaction term is non-significant for most outcomes, with the exception of WMO (b=+0.939, p=.069†) — a marginal signal that higher LD may amplify MOM’s effect on the probability of being a Winning Marketing Organization. Taken together, Learning Discipline contributes additively to MOM: it does not require MOM to work, but the combination is associated with the strongest competitive performance.

Barriers to MOM Development

Among organizations without a formal MOM (n=120), ten barriers were assessed. The table below ranks them not by how frequently they are cited, but by how strongly each barrier is associated with lower MOM development across the full sample — the barriers most correlated with absence of a MOM, controlling for firm size and age.

Barrier % Citing
Among non-adopters
Impact on MOM development
OLS coefficient (higher = stronger drag)
Marketing lacks the influence to drive adoption 87%
-51.7
Markets change too fast for formal models to be useful 87%
-51.4
Skeptical that formal models would improve performance 87%
-51.1
Formal models would slow us down 87%
-51.0
Culture resists formal processes and documentation 88%
-49.9
Unclear what an operating model actually is 88%
-49.1
Leadership doesn't see the value or prioritize it 90%
-49.0
Lack the time and resources to develop one 90%
-48.7
Current informal approach works well enough 89%
-48.4
Too small and don't need formal structures 91%
-46.6

Barriers cited by n=120 respondents without a formal MOM. Impact coefficient from OLS regression predicting MOM presence (Q24, 0-100 scale), controlling for firm size and age. Ranked by coefficient strength. n=843.

Key insight: The three strongest barriers — marketing’s lack of influence to drive adoption, pace-of-change skepticism, and performance skepticism — reflect beliefs about MOM’s value and organizational positioning, not resource constraints. These are perceptual barriers, not structural ones. The evidence base in this report directly addresses each of these beliefs: Chapter 3 shows MOM significantly improves performance even in fast-changing environments, and the archetype data in Chapter 4 shows that marketing influence tends to grow alongside MOM development.

Organizational and Environmental Conditions

The table below shows how the strength of MOM’s effect on NPS and WMO changes depending on whether each organizational or environmental condition is present or absent. Split-sample logistic regressions were run separately for organizations with and without each condition.

5.5 — Conditions that Amplify MOM Effectiveness

The chart below maps each organizational and environmental condition by whether it amplifies MOM’s structural effects — reducing Friction (x-axis, right = more reduction) and boosting Fluency (y-axis, up = more boost). Models use MOM_Index (1–5) interacted with each binary condition. OLS with HC3 robust SE, no controls, n=843.

Figure 5.1
Do conditions amplify MOM’s effect on Friction and Fluency?

x-axis: interaction coefficient on Friction (negated — right = MOM reduces friction more). y-axis: interaction coefficient on Fluency (up = MOM boosts fluency more). Highlighted rings = significant at p<.05.

Quadrant guide
Both amplified
MOM more effective at both reducing friction and boosting fluency
Fluency only
Condition amplifies MOM’s fluency effect but not friction reduction
Friction only
Condition amplifies friction reduction but not fluency boost
Dampens both
Condition weakens MOM’s structural effects
Organizational
Environmental
Gold ring = p<.05 on friction.
Gold star outline = p<.05 on fluency.

MOM_Index (1–5) interacted with binary condition (0/1). All predictors mean-centered. OLS HC3 robust standard errors. No controls. n=843.

Key insight: Organizational conditions that reflect structural readiness — having the right org structure (b=−0.214** on friction) and diverse talent (b=−0.148* on friction) — amplify MOM’s ability to reduce structural friction. Highly regulated industries uniquely amplify MOM’s Fluency benefit (b=+0.131**), suggesting that regulatory clarity creates conditions where shared operating frameworks translate more readily into individual psychological enablement. Customer-led growth organizations see a weaker friction-reduction effect from MOM, indicating that growth-oriented complexity may require additional structural intervention beyond the operating model itself.

About this research

About the Research

This report is the product of a collaborative research effort between MarCaps and the MMA, drawing on survey data from 843 senior marketing leaders collected in March 2026. The study was designed to examine the structural and psychological conditions that shape marketing effectiveness, and to test the role of the Marketing Operating Model as a driver of organizational performance.

Methodology

The sample includes 843 respondents selected based on attention checks, response time, and overall response quality. Marketing organization performance is assessed across two dimensions. People outcomes are anchored by the Net Promoter Score (NPS). Business outcomes are anchored by the WMO (Winning Marketing Organization) index, which classifies firms in the top quartile of marketing performance. MOM Presence is an 8-item index covering the three dimensions described in the report — Strategic Mandate, Organizational Priorities, and Management Infrastructure (α=0.892). Archetypes were derived directly from the data using k-means clustering on MOM Presence, embeddedness, and MOM character dimensions. All regressions control for firm size and firm age.

Research Team
Omar Rodriguez Vila, PhD
Neil Morgan, PhD
Sundar Bharadwaj, PhD
Research Advisors
Rebecca Messina
Shubu Mitra
Data Collection & Research Support
Michael Pettiette, PhD
Research Funding
MMA
Marketing Accountability Standards Board
Diagnostic Self-Assessment

MOM Diagnostic

This assessment helps marketing leaders understand whether their operating model needs attention and where to focus first. Twenty-four statements cover three areas: organizational conditions, operating model presence, and operating model quality. For each statement, drag the marker to indicate how well it describes your organization. You will get an automated report with your results compared to the MarCaps benchmarks from the study.

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